The aftermath of a disaster can result in a high number of casualties requiring medical care within a short time frame. Often, due to insufficient local capacities a significant percentage of these casualties must be transported to hospitals or other suitable care facilities. Various mass-transportation modes, such as busses, ships, or trains, could provide an efficient way of quickly transporting patients to available medical treatment centres outside of the disaster area. Nevertheless, the inclusion of diverse transportation modes could give rise to extra complexities. This dissertation aims to contribute by providing new approaches to optimise casualty management in the aftermath of disasters and develop optimisation models that support decision-makers in preparing for mass-casualty incidents on all planning levels.